The discipline of innovation pdf

Creativity pays off. Innovation, innovation strategy, and internationalization. A lot of recent empirical research points to the superior performance of exporting firms in comparison to non-exporters. Exporters on average are found to be larger, more productive, more capital and … Expand. View 2 excerpts, cites background. View 1 excerpt, cites background. A conceptual cooperative model designed for processes, digitalisation and innovation. Digital transformations are changing society, and they force industries to react to the market more frequently.

Managers are aware of new technical demands, which increase the pressure of meeting … Expand. Highly Influenced. View 3 excerpts, cites background. Capitalizing on Open Innovation 2. The reflector lets each car see and psychiatric clinics, emergency cen- or rhythm of a process is only one pos- which other cars are approaching from ters, and HMOs have opened through- sibility out of which innovation oppor- any one of a half-dozen directions.

This out the country. Comparable opportu- tunities may arise. Another source is minor invention, which enables traffic nities in telecommunications followed incongruity between economic realities. The innovative response: minimills. Linotype, which made it possible to pro- When an industry grows quickly — An incongruity between expectations duce newspapers quickly and in large the critical figure seems to be in the and results can also open up possibili- volume. For 50 years after tion, modern advertising, invented by years or less — its structure changes.

Es- the turn of the century, shipbuilders the first true newspaper publishers, tablished companies, concentrating on and shipping companies worked hard Adolph Ochs of the New York Times, defending what they already have, tend both to make ships faster and to lower Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World, not to counterattack when a newcomer their fuel consumption. Even so, the and William Randolph Hearst. Adver- challenges them. Indeed, when market more successful they were in boosting tising made it possible for them to dis- or industry structures change, traditional speed and trimming their fuel needs, tribute news practically free of charge, industry leaders again and again neglect the worse the economics of ocean with the profit coming from marketing.

By or so, the New opportunities rarely fit the way the ocean freighter was dying, if not al- Industry and industry has always approached the mar- ready dead.

The real structures are ordained by the good costs did not come from doing work Lord, but these structures can—and often that is, being at sea but from not doing do — change overnight. Such change 5 Demographic Changes work that is, sitting idle in port. Once creates tremendous opportunity for Of the outside sources of innovation op- managers understood where costs truly innovation.

Demographic events have known roll-on and roll-off ship and the con- success stories in recent decades is the lead times; for instance, every person tainer ship. A shift in viewpoint, not in tech- all graduates of the Harvard Business and exploit them can reap great rewards. Everyone in the developed cancers other than lung cancer , can- their casualty rates, and in their pre- countries around or so knew that cer cure rates, or other factors. Even dictability, as well as in the challenges there was both a baby bust and an edu- so, collective hypochondria grips the they pose to entrepreneurs.

Like most cation explosion going on; about half or nation. Never before has there been superstars, they can be temperamental, more of the young people were staying so much concern with or in school beyond high school. Conse- fear about health. Suddenly, quently, the number of people available everything seems to cause for traditional blue-collar work in man- cancer or degenerative heart Knowledge-based innovations ufacturing was bound to decrease and disease or premature loss of become inadequate by Everyone memory.

The glass is clearly can be temperamental, knew this, but only the Japanese acted half empty. They sort business. By , thoughtful ob- are from immortality. This view of have, for instance, the longest lead time servers could have seen the emergence things has created many opportunities of all innovations. There is a protracted of large numbers of affluent and edu- for innovations: markets for new health span between the emergence of new cated young adults in Europe and the care magazines, for exercise classes and knowledge and its distillation into us- United States.

Not comfortable with jogging equipment, and for all kinds of able technology. Then there is another the kind of vacations their working- health foods. The fastest growing new long period before this new technology class parents had enjoyed — the sum- U.

Overall, the lead these young people were ideal custom- A change in perception does not alter time involved is something like 50 years, ers for a new and exotic version of the facts. It took less than two ciably throughout history.

Managers have known for a long time years for the computer to change from To become effective, innovation of that demographics matter, but they being perceived as a threat and as some- this sort usually demands not one kind have always believed that population thing only big businesses would use to of knowledge but many.

Consider one of statistics change slowly. Indeed, the inno- tax. Economics do not necessarily dic- novations: modern banking. There is some overlap among the sources, and the potential for innovation may well lie in more than one area at a time. Innovations based on new knowledge tend to have the greatest effect on the marketplace, but it often takes decades before the ideas are translated into actual products, processes, or services.

The other sources of innovation are easier and simpler to handle, yet they still require managers to look beyond established practices, Drucker explains. The author emphasizes that innovators need to look for simple, focused solutions to real problems. Do I have the right temperament? A commitment to the systematic search for imaginative and useful ideas is what successful entrepreneurs share—not some special genius or trait. Most innovations result from a conscious, purposeful search for opportunities—within the company and the industry as well as the larger social and intellectual environment.

A successful innovation may come from pulling together different strands of knowledge, recognizing an underlying theme in public perception, or extracting new insights from failure. They go out looking for innovation opportunities in seven key areas:. Unexpected occurrences. But IBM immedi- The unexpected failure may be an planned the Edsel, the most carefully ately realized it faced a possible un- equally important innovation-op- designed car to that point in Ameri- expected success, redesigned what portunity source.

When it bombed, despite Incongruities. Alcon Laboratories doing work that is, being at sea but all the planning, market research, was one of the success stories of the from not doing work that is, sitting and design that had gone into it, Ford s because Bill Conner, the com- idle in port. A shift in viewpoint, not in technol- what we now call lifestyles. Anyone who has Unexpected successes and failures dreaded it. It was incongruous. Its roads still follow the businesses dismiss them, disregard the ligament without cutting.

All paths laid down for — or by — oxcarts them, and even resent them. The Conner did was to add a preservative in the tenth century.

Eye surgeons im- and trucks is an adaptation of the addictive narcotic, had intended it to mediately accepted the new com- reflector used on American high- be used in major surgical procedures pound, and Alcon found itself with ways since the early s.

This re- like amputation. Surgeons, however, a worldwide monopoly. Instead, a fancy price. This mi- novocaine found a ready appeal Such an incongruity within the nor invention, which enables traffic among dentists.

Its inventor spent logic or rhythm of a process is only to move smoothly and with a mini- the remaining years of his life trav- one possibility out of which eling from dental school to dental innovation opportunities school making speeches that for- may arise. For in- take to the unexpected — which he had not intended it. The in- mum of accidents, exploited a pro- attention away from unanticipated novative response: minimills.

For 50 developed around in response where results fall short of expecta- years after the turn of the century, to a process need. One was Ottmar tions. But it also suppresses the recogni- Even so, the more successful they The other was a social innovation, tion of new opportunities. The first were in boosting speed and trimming modern advertising, invented by acknowledgment of a possible oppor- fuel needs, the worse the economics the first true newspaper publishers, tunity usually applies to an area in of ocean freighters became.

Thus genuinely entrepre- if not already dead. World, and William Randolph Hearst. The real costs did not come from from marketing. In- ulation statistics change slowly. Such fastest growing market segments. Innovators therefore have a of entrepreneurial pursuits. Demographic events have perception of a glass from half-full to realized that the structure of the known lead times; for instance, half-empty opens up big innovation financial industry was changing as every person who will be in the opportunities.

These young men had practi- has already been born. Even so, collective it, or organized to serve it. Never graphics. Everyone in before has there been so much con- the developed countries cern with or fear about health.

Sud- cally no capital and no connections.