The shame of a nation pdf

To start with, lower literacy rates our literacy rates have improved but are certainly not high are associated with higher crime rates.

Poverty is another serious factor that abets rapes in India since it is responsible for the lack of adequate sanitation facilities. The absence of toilets within the house is one of the factors contributing to the large number of rape incidents. Social hierarchy plays an important role too, especially in the rape of Dalit8 and tribal women, who are treated like personal property without any human rights, because of their lower social standing.

Moreover, unlike in the West, incidents of date rape or rape by a partner are not reported as rapes in India which is an additional factor contributing to the lower number of reported rapes. It is our view that in the Indian context, social and economic factors play a more important role in explaining the numb er of rapes, while the rape myths discussed above provide indirect social approval by directly or indirectly blaming the victim for the rape.

Moreover, our often corrupt law enforcement machinery frequently does not pursue a case with enough vigour to even charge a perpetrator lowering the detection probability , let alone obtain a conviction. Another crucial cost that is often ignored is the social censure that the perpetrator and his family may have to go through.

Unfortunately, in India it is the victim and her family that is often subject to social censure. There is no bigger facilitator of rapes than knowing that the likelihood of the rape being reported is low. In that sense the third rape myth where society is held responsible for such dastardly acts is significant in India. Economic impact An increase in the reported incidents of rapes has two kinds of effects on the economy - a direct effect and a reputational effect.

The direct effect results in an immediate drop in the tourism activity in the country. The reputational effect is the effect on the economy that results from a loss of reputation internationally. This not only hurts tourism activities but also results in a drop in foreign direct investment Craigwell and Moore , Fereidounia and Al-mulali Consequently, an increase in rapes will hurt the economy both in the short run and in the long run, and possibly the full impact of these crimes on the economy has not yet been felt.

Table 1. Table 2. Time for change In April , in response to the series of rape crimes and protests, the Supreme Court of India introduced stricter laws regarding rape with the promise of fast-tracking such cases. However, in practice, we are still lagging far behind? What is striking is how unenthusiastically Indian youth have responded to these crimes. While corruption is a crime against the economy, rape is a crime against a whole gender - against our mothers, wives, daughters and sisters.

It is time for change; because once we hit the tipping point and some believe we already have , reining back becomes extremely difficult. As the economics of crime perspective suggests, draconian laws and fast-track courts will not be enough.

We need to change social attitudes, increase the probability of punishment, improve reporting, and take better preventive measures. India needs to take measures that will increase the cost of the crime. Confidence and trust in the police need to increase. Till police stations in India continue to be evaluated on the basis of resolved crimes, there will be little incentive to record First Information Reports FIRs.

Indeed, in a study conducted by Banerjee et al. The names of rape offenders could be recorded in a publicly available database, or provided in print and digital media. Perhaps the National Film Division Corporation can revive its old newsreel format to provide information about such people in movie theatres and television. Building toilets in houses should become a part of infrastructure provision by the government.

The government should work to improve literacy rates since higher literacy reduces all types of crimes. In fact, states with higher literacy rates do have fewer reported rapes. Let us make it easier for women to report rapes and live in society on equal terms. Let us not burden the victim with a scarlet letter. Until we can make these changes, corruption may continue to be the bane of India, but these rapes will be the shame of our nation. Indian society with all its diversity has to come together to curb rape.

Notes: 1. For a review of different causes of rapes and rape myths see Cowan This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.

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